还原态氧化石墨烯对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学与热力学

以乙二胺(EDA)还原氧化石墨烯(GO)制得一种吸附材料,即还原态氧化石墨烯(RGO)。 采用批量平衡法研究了RGO对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学与热力学,利用Lagergren准一级及准二级动力学方程、Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程对实验数据进行了拟合分析。 研究结果表明,Lagergren准二级吸附动力学模型能够较好地描述实验结果,表明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主。 RGO的吸附在所研究的Zn(Ⅱ)浓度范围内更符合Langmuir等温吸附经验式,ΔH0=-21.60 kJ/mol,吸附焓变小于零,表明该吸附为放热过程;吸附吉布斯自由能变化ΔG0为正值,表明该吸附是一个非自发的过程。     

纳米四氧化三锰温和水相合成及其电容性能

采用温和水相合成法制备出纳米Mn3O4,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、电子能谱（XPS）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）等技术手段对其结构、组成与形貌进行了研究分析;并利用循环伏安（CV）及充放电等电化学测试研究了纳米Mn3O4的电容性能。 结果表明,本实验所制备的纳米Mn3O4为四方相γ-Mn3O4,其粒径大小为40~60 nm;该材料具有良好的电容性能,其比电容值可达270 F/g,且经1000次循环后,其比电容值可达原来的85%。     

氧化环己烯连续进料下二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物的合成

由于氧化环己烯（CHO）与二氧化碳的共聚反应速度比其与环氧丙烷（PO）快,这种竞聚率的差异导致一锅法所得的二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物的组成难以稳定控制。 为此本文在稀土三元催化剂下,采用氧化环己烯单体连续进料的方法合成了二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物,催化效率可达575 g/(mol Zn h)。 三元共聚物的玻璃化转变温度随CHO含量升高而增大,当CHO的摩尔投料比从0.19增加到0.59时,玻璃化温度从44.3 ℃提高到70.1 ℃。 CHO连续进料合成的三元共聚物的组成与投料比基本相近,且连续进料法所合成的三元共聚物只有一个玻璃化转变温度,而普通的一锅法所得的三元共聚物通常存在两个玻璃化转变温度,因此连续进料法是制备组成稳定的二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物的有效方法。     

Perovskite-type Ba0.5Sr0.5Al0.1Fe0.9O3-δ as Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode

A cobalt-free perovskite-type Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Al_0.1Fe_0.9O_3-δ (BSAF) is developed and electro-chemically studied as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode. The structures, electrical con-ductivity, and electrode polarizations in symmetrical cell based on mixed ion conducting electrolyte were investigated, respectively. The temperature dependence of conductivity of BSAF in air shows a typical semiconductor behavior with positive temperature coefficient up to 450 oC where the conductivity reaches 14.0 S/cm while above this temperature the negative temperature coefficient dominates the total conductivity. Electrochemical charac-terizations show desirable polarization resistance of BSAF cathode in a symmetric cell based on mixed ion conducting electrolyte at 650-700 oC. A single SOFC with BSAF cathode shows OCV of 1.0 V and maximum output of 420 mW/cm₂ at 700 oC with humidified hydrogen fuel and static air oxidant.     

Tunable structural color of anodic tantalum oxide films

Tantalum(Ta) oxide films with tunable structural color were fabricated easily using anodic oxidation.The structure,components,and surface valence states of the oxide films were investigated by using gazing incidence X-ray diffractometry,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and surface analytical techniques.Their thickness and optical properties were studied by using spectroscopic ellipsometry and total reflectance spectrum.Color was accurately defined using L*a*b* scale.The thickness of compact Ta2O5 films was linearly dependent on anodizing voltage.The film color was tunable by adjusting the anodic voltage.The difference in color appearance resulted from the interference behavior between the interfaces of air-oxide and oxide-metal.     

Investigations on the crystallisation of potassium molybdenum bronzes from flux melts

Results are presented to identify the fields of primary crystallisation of red and blue potassium molybdenum oxide bronzes K_0.30MoO₃ and K_0.33MoO₃ in the ternary system K₂MoO₄–MoO₃–MoO₂. Starting from crystal growth experiments for the preparation of bronze crystals by electrolytic reduction the binary marginal systems K₂MoO₄–MoO₃ as well as MoO₃–MoO₂ and further pseudo‐binary sections have been investigated by differential thermo‐analysis, hot‐stage microscopy, and by quenching experiments under inert gas. We succeeded in determining phase transition temperatures in the binary section Mo₄O₁₁–K₂Mo₂O₇. Temperature and composition ranges have been found in this section to crystallise red and blue potassium molybdenum oxide bronzes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical and electrical studies on spray deposited ZnO thin films

ZnO thin films were prepared by spray pyrolytic decomposition of zinc acetate onto a glass substrate. These films were analyzed for the optical and electrical properties. Optical studies show that in these films the electronic transition is of the direct transition type. The optical energy gap for the films of different thicknesses is estimated to be in the range 2.98 – 3.09 eV. Electrical studies indicate that the films exhibit thermally activated electronic conduction and the activation energies are found to be dependent on the film thickness. The complex impedance measurements were carried out over a wide range of frequencies at room temperature (300 K). All the impedance spectra contain only a single arc, but the arc has a non‐zero intersection with the real axis in the high frequency region. Also, the arc has its centre lying below with the real axis which indicates the multirelaxation behavior of the films. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effect of particle size distribution on particle based composite anode models

Particle based models of composite anodes are useful tools for exploring the behavior of SOFC systems. As part of our efforts to develop models for understanding fuel cells, we have been building models of Ni-YSZ composite anodes using experimentally measured particle size distributions. The objectives of this study were to characterize the percolation threshold and conductivity of these models in comparison to simpler mono dispersed and biphasic particle size distributions from the literature. We found that the average values for the onset of percolation and the measured conductivity of the models with experimentally measured particle size distributions are similar to those for the simple distributions and the experimentally measured distributions. For all of the configurations evaluated, the onset of percolation in the Nickel phase occurred at a solid fraction of Nickel between 20% and 25%. This corresponded almost exactly to the point at which the coordination number between Nickel phase particles reached 2.2. The significant finding was that the variation in the value for the conductivity, as measured by the standard deviation of the results, was several orders of magnitude higher than for the simpler systems. We explored the validity of our assumptions, specifically the assumption of random particle placement, by building a particle model directly from FIB-SEM data. In this reconstruction, it was clear that the location of particles was not random. Particles of the same type and size had much likelihood of contact higher than would indicated by random location.     

How Graphene Oxide Quenches Fluorescence of Rhodamine 6G

We investigate the fluorescence quenching of Rhodamine 6G (R6G), a well known laser dye with a high fluorescence quantum yield, by as-synthesized graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solution, which is found to be rather efficient. By means of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy combined with detailed analysis about the linear absorption variation for this R6G-GO system, the pertinent quenching mechanism has been elucidated to be a combination of dynamic and static quenching. Possible ground-state complexes between R6G and GO during the static quenching have also been suggested. Furthermore, the direction of photoinduced electron transfer between R6G and GO has been discussed.     

Potential Function and Thermodynamic Property of UO (cited: 2)

Potential energy scan for uranium oxide (UO) was performed by ab initio configuration inter-action (CI) method and density functional theory methods at the PBE1 and the B3LYP levels in combination with the (ECP80MWB_AVQZ+2f) basis set for uranium and 6-311+G* foroxygen. The dissociation energies of UO, after being corrected for the zero-point vibrational energy, are 2.38, 3.76, and 3.31 eV at the CI, PBE1, and B3LYP levels, respectively. The calculated energy was fitted to potential functions of Morse, Lennard-Jones, and Rydberg. Only the Morse function is eligible for the potential. The anharmonicity constant is 0.00425. The anharmonic frequency is 540.95 cm^-1 deduced from the PBE1 results. Thermodynamic properties of entropy and heat capacity at 298.2-1500 K were calculated using DFT-UPBE1 results and Morse parameters. The relationship between entropy and temperature was es-tablished.